Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a non-contact automatic identification technology that obtains the relevant data of objects through radio frequency. RFID can identify objects moving at high speed, can identify multiple targets at the same time, can achieve remote reading, and can work in a variety of harsh environment, is considered to be one of the ten important information technology in the 21st century. In the Internet of things, people and things, things and things can "communicate", its essence is the use of RFID technology. RFID system is just like the antenna of the Internet of Things, which makes it possible to automatically identify every object in the Internet of Things and is the basis of building the Internet of Things.
RFID technology and bar code identification technology are automatic identification technology, compared with bar code identification technology, RFID technology has the advantages of bar code identification technology does not have:
· No light source is required and data can even be read through external materials.
· Long service life, can work in harsh environment.
· Can be easily embedded or attached to products of different shapes or types.
· Longer reading distance.
· Data can be written and accessed in less time than printing bar codes.
· The content of the tag can be changed dynamically.
· Able to process multiple labels at the same time.
· Access to label data is password protected for higher security.
· It can track and locate the object attached to the RFID tag.
Therefore, rfid has become the most important automatic identification technology in the Internet of things due to its advantages of non-barrier reading and long-distance penetration, fast scanning, high storage, anti-pollution ability, reusable, good security and confidentiality.
The basic RFID system consists of electronic tags, readers and data management systems. The electronic tag is the data carrier of THE RFID system, mainly composed of chips and antennas. It is usually attached to the object to identify the target object. Each electronic tag has a unique electronic code and stores the relevant information of the identified object. The reader uses radio frequency identification technology to read the information of electronic tags. The reader generally consists of radio frequency unit, control unit and antenna. Data management System management Manages readers. Usually, commands are sent to readers through certain interfaces to read or rewrite data information in electronic labels and update database information.
Electronic tags and readers are equipped with antennas. The main function of the e-tag antenna is to receive the electromagnetic signal transmitted by the reader or send the data needed by the reader back to the reader. The function of the reader antenna is to emit electromagnetic energy to activate the electronic tag, send instructions to the electronic tag, and receive information from the electronic tag.
When the RFID system works, the reader sends radio frequency signals of a certain frequency through the transmitting antenna. When the electronic tag enters the working area of the transmitting antenna, the induced current is generated, so that the energy is activated, and the electronic tag transmits its encoded information through the built-in antenna. The receiving antenna of the reader receives the carrier signal sent from the tag, which is transmitted to the reader by the modulator of the antenna. The reader demodulates and decodes the received signal, and then sends the effective information to the background main system for relevant processing. The main system identifies the label according to the logical operation, processes and controls the label according to different Settings, and finally sends out signals to control the reader to complete different read and write operations.
In recent years, RFID technology has developed rapidly and has been gradually applied to various fields.
In the field of intelligent transportation, such as ETC, bus card swipe, railway, ETC., to achieve efficient management, so that people travel more convenient.
In the field of logistics, the real-time monitoring of transportation, distribution, storage and other links of goods is realized, which improves the degree of automation, as well as the transparency and management efficiency of supply chain.
In the field of anti-counterfeiting, the electronic ticket with RFID technology improves the speed of ticket checking and realizes the automatic management of data collection and analysis.
In the field of public security, such as electronic access control, food safety and medical management, to achieve efficient management, making people's lives more convenient and safer.
In addition, RFID technology in retail, manufacturing, library management, smart city, national defense and military applications are more and more common.
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